Medford Fire -- Rescue Liability Checklist
MF-R liability checklist
Does your department have copies of all legislation, regulations, bylaws, codes, and standards that are relevant to your department's operations?
The Department has access to all legislation at Federal, State, County, District and municipal levels, including regulations, bylaws where applicable, extensive codes, and standards issued by government, agency and professional associations. These documents are dispersed widely throughout government and agency literature, but most of the relevant operational policy documents are public and available on request if not accessible through the Internet. This regulatory detail is so extensive and widespread that a large part of Department administration's continuing education is devoted to simply keeping up with the ongoing changes and amendments to these laws, codes and best practices.
Has your municipality passed a fire bylaw? If so, was it tailor-made to suit the particular needs of your department? Does it accurately reflect both the duties imposed on your members by provincial or state legislation and the discretionary powers actually exercised by your department?
"Fire bylaw" is a Canadian term for what we call "Burning ordinances." Medford's Fire Prevention Division is an Assistant State Fire Marshal under the Oregon State Fire Marshal and has oversight of Medford's burning ordinances and permitting process. Our "fire bylaw" (burning ordinances) prohibit all burning without permit except for outdoor cooking fires and "agricultural heating devices" (City of Medford, Oregon, 2010a; 2010b). These regulations are permitted under the overlay of County and State ordinances implemented by the Fire Prevention Division, who approves or denies permits for regulated burning. As such, these individual permits are tailor-made to suit our Department and accurately reflect the overlying county and state laws, under which Fire Prevention exercises discretionary judgment...
A complex and extensive body of case law has arisen based on what this hypothetical average person would do in various situations, given various constraints of professional training; intent; general practice; plausible prevention; extent of harm; proof of negligence and an effectively infinite series of possible mitigating factors that justify judge or jury assessment rather than automated legal standards. If policy is based on best practice, and if policy is followed in practice, and if the agent used reasonable precaution and diligence and no other factors of ill intent or prohibited behavior violate the agent's standing under the Department, then the actor's knowledge of and adherence to Department procedure and policy can provide a strong defense against civil 'tort' liability for damage caused through negligence, given all these conditions.
Does your department have written policies?
The Department has extensive written policy to cover reasonably foreseeable events and decision making where no Department precedent exists, since predicting all possible events is largely impossible. This body of policy and procedure appears across widespread documents from the classified staff employment contract (City of Medford, Oregon and International Association of Fire Fighters -- Local 1431, 2008), separate agreements for administration (City of Medford, Oregon, 2011a); to specific procedures for equipment, facilities and compliance with state, federal and county overlays (see e.g. Bierwiler, 2007 for a sample of many such overlying policies). Much of the fire floor's continuing education is devoted to review of this body of policy, which…
